Simultaneous Ocean Acidification and Warming
(Effects on Marine Animals: Echinoderms)

Click on the links below to access reviews of the scientific literature on this topic that have been published since the 2009 NIPCC report.

Elevated CO₂ and Warming: Not Always Detrimental (8 November 2011)
Impacts of Rising Atmospheric CO₂ on the Serpent Starfish (27 September 2011)
Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Sea Urchin Larvae (25 August 2010)