Ocean Acidification (Effects on Marine Animals: Echinoderms)

Click on the links below to access reviews of the scientific literature on this topic that have been published since the 2009 NIPCC report.

What is the Best Frame of Reference for Evaluating the Biological Consequences of Ocean Acidification? (18 April 2012)
Sea Stars - with Missing Arms! - Experiencing Ocean Acidification (24 January 2012)
Earth's Marine Life Not Going "Quietly Into the Night" of Ocean Acidification (22 November 2011)
Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Development of Sea Urchins (19 October 2011)
Sea Urchin Larvae Living in Periodically Low-pH Seawater (16 August 2011)
Sea Urchin Responses to Ocean Acidification and Warming (7 June 2011)
Ocean pH Tolerance in Two Important Antarctic Invertebrates (24 May 2011)
Elevated CO₂ and Early Life Stages of Mediterranean Sea Urchins (3 May 2011)
Responses of 18 Benthic Marine Calcifiers to Atmospheric CO₂ Enrichment (15 Sep 2010)
The Fate of Juvenile Sea Stars in an "Acidified" Ocean (25 August 2010)
On the Fertilization of Sea Urchin Eggs (14 June 2010)